20 August 2008 537 views One Comment Print This Post  Email This Post

by Joseph F. McCaffrey

“In a nutshell, she was being poisoned by the aspartame in the diet soda. . . and literally dying a slow, and miserable death .”

Comments, case reports and claims like this are sprouting up all over — especially on the web. The above quote comments on aspartame, but other artificial sweeteners come under fire as well.

Just how scary are artificial sweeteners? Are these compounds actually toxins? Have the guardians of our food supply been bought out by big business?

I hope to add a little clarity to the situation as well as tell you ways to safeguard your own well-being.

First, what chemicals are we talking about and why are people eating them?

The main artificial sweeteners used in the US today are saccharin, aspartame and sucralose. They’re sold under the brand names Sweet N’ Low, NutraSweet, and Splenda, respectively. You’re undoubtedly familiar with the competing pink, blue, and yellow packets.

All of these are artificially produced chemicals. Saccharin is derived from coal tar, aspartame from amino acids, and sucralose from substituting chlorine for oxygen on the sucrose molecule.

If you look around on the web, you’ll find horror stories about all these sweeteners.

Commonly, people report physical symptoms they experienced — restless legs, ringing in the ears, nausea, and hives — that went away when they eliminated the sweeteners from their diet. Others claim that these sweeteners cause severe chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus.

Still others comment on toxic “chemical cousins” of the sweeteners, implying that the same toxicity may apply to the sweetener. For example, sucralose is chemically related to organochlorines, many of which are, in fact, extremely toxic (think dioxin).

On the other hand, the balance of the available science fails to document definite health risks. A well-respected mainstream journal recently published a major review of all available scientific data concerning aspartame and gave it a pass.

This review concluded: “In summary, there has been extensive investigation of the possibility of neurotoxic effects due to consumption of aspartame. The data from these studies, in general, do not support the hypothesis that aspartame in the human diet will affect neuronal function, learning or behavior.”

Yet critics continue to claim aspartame causes neurotoxicity.

This review also looked for evidence of other possible toxicities for aspartame. Their bottom line for all of it was:

“Controlled and thorough scientific studies confirm aspartame’s safety and find no credible link between consumption of aspartame at levels found in the human diet and conditions related to the nervous system and behavior, nor any other symptom or illness.”

Similarly, other studies haven’t clearly proved any ill effects from saccharin or sucralose.

What to make of it all?

One thing I know is that medicine and scientific research aren’t perfect. I made recommendations to people 25 years ago that I cringe thinking about now.

I had every good intention — and I certainly hadn’t been bought out. I was giving advice based on the best knowledge available to me then. It was reasonable advice at the time, only it was wrong. Remembering this keeps me from being too dogmatic.

If someone tells me something made him or her sick, I believe them. However, that doesn’t mean the same thing will make everyone sick. Nor does it necessarily mean we should ban the substance.

Every year, people die of an allergic reaction to peanuts. Many others have horrible non-fatal reactions. Despite this fact, no one is calling for a ban on the cultivation or sale of peanuts.

Here’s my take on artificial sweeteners: I recommend avoiding them, or at least minimizing their use. They are man-made chemicals. There’s no need for any of these in our diet. They’re called non-nutritive sweeteners for a reason.

The science hasn’t (as yet) shown any detrimental effect. But who knows if it’s just a matter of time before a problem shows up?

I find the current research somewhat reassuring, but I’m not completely convinced there’s no need for concern. The best we can hope for is that we won’t react badly and that toxicity won’t show up down the road.

Another downside is that by consuming sweetened foods of any sort we develop taste preferences that influence our food choices.

As a country, we definitely eat too much sugar. We have the obesity and the diabetes to prove it. Average annual consumption has gone from 15 lbs in the early 1800’s to over 160 lbs (!) today.

Using artificial sweeteners is just another way to try to feed our sweet tooth. It would be best to retrain our taste buds not to prefer sweet.

This is especially important in children. The foods they eat determine their preferences as an adult. They don’t need artificial sweeteners. They also don’t need all the sugar they’re getting. They do need to develop habits that will serve them well as they grow.

Avoid artificial sweeteners. Also avoid foods that have sugar or high fructose corn syrup among the top ingredients.

Diet sodas are a major source of artificial sweeteners. Switch to unsweetened drinks. Why not water? Unsweetened tea or seltzer, maybe with a squeeze of lemon, are other good choices.

If you must have a sweetener, consider the herb stevia. This South American plant has been used as a sweetener for centuries without reported adverse effects.

There’s no need to panic about artificial sweeteners, but there’s no need to use them either.